PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETES

TYPE I DIABETES
Type I or IDDM is basically an autoimmune disorder in which autoantibodies are formed against beta cells of pancreas which synthesise insulin. This leads to beta cell depletion and absolute insulin deficiency. This manifest early in onset hence called juvenile onset diabetes. There is also some genetic predisposition for the development of type I diabetes. Many viuses are also implicated in causing beta cell depletion such as coxakie B virus.
TYPE II DIABETES
Type II diabetes is mainy due to insulin resistance. Insulin level may be normal or low. There is strong genetic predisposition for the development of type II diabetes. Varios genes for glucose uptake are defective so that glucose entry into the cells is defective in spite of presence of insulin.
Apart from these causes diabetes may be caused by diseases of pancreas, drugs or pregnancy induced diabetes or gestational diabetes.